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How do I calculate hydraulic cylinder force?
Push force equals pressure times piston area. Example: an 80 mm bore at 210 bar gives about 105.6 kN (≈10.8 t). Pull force is lower by the rod area.
F [kN] = P [bar] × π × D² / 40000 (D: mm)
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Actual force is 90–95% of theoretical due to friction and back-pressure.
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